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: The study population will include 429 adult (30-50 years old) non-insulin dependent type 2 diabetes patients, registered in Maccabi Diabetes Register for at least two years. A two-stage sampling procedure will be conducted. Using criteria available in the Register, patients will be first stratified to three groups 1) Those that have not undergone HBA1c testing in the previous year 2) Well controlled HbA1c <7 3) Poorly controlled HbA1c >8.5. Random samples from all three groups will be taken from all the Maccabi regions. Then telephone interviews will be undertaken in Hebrew. The variables include: a) Family characteristics – family structure, patient’s willingness to involve the family in self-care behaviors, and a scale of family support in diabetes self-care behaviors (diet, physical activity, smoking, foot care, taking medications, and measuring blood glucose). b) Patient’s characteristics – cognitive (beliefs about diabetes, self-efficacy), psychological (stress, depression) and satisfaction with the treating physician. c) Adherence to self-care (the weekly number of performing each self-care behaviors). Glycemic control will be assessed from the Diabetes Register by the HbA1c values of the last laboratory test.
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